Which of the following methods is used by tankers to reduce sea pollution?

The use of segregated ballast tanks, crude oil washing systems, and vapor control systems is essential for tankers aiming to reduce sea pollution.

Segregated ballast tanks are designed to carry ballast water that is separate from the cargo. This minimizes contamination and ensures that any water discharged does not mix with oil or harmful substances from the cargo hold. By preventing cargo contamination, this method plays a crucial role in maintaining marine environmental standards.

Crude oil washing systems involve washing the cargo tanks with crude oil to clean the walls and remove residues. The waste generated is then properly managed, preventing it from being discarded into the sea. This method also reduces the need to use water for washing, which can introduce additional pollutants.

Vapor control systems are designed to capture and contain vapors released during loading and unloading operations, preventing them from escaping into the atmosphere or entering the marine environment. This not only helps in reducing air pollution but also minimizes the risk of these vapors condensing back into the sea.

These systems collectively contribute to a significant reduction in the risk of pollutants entering the ocean, thus addressing one of the major environmental concerns associated with tanker operations.